Basic Structure of Computers: Computer Types, Functional Units, Basic Operational Concepts, Bus Structures, Software, Performance -Processor Clock, Basic Performance Equation(upto1.6.2ofChap1ofText). Machine Instructions and Programs: Numbers, Arithmetic Operations and Characters, IEEE standard for Floating point Numbers, Memory Location and Addresses, Memory Operations, Instructions and Instruction Sequencing (up to 2.4.6 of Chap 2 and 6.7.1 of Chap 6 of Text).

Addressing Modes, Assembly Language, Basic Input and Output Operations, Stacks and Queues, Subroutines, Additional Instructions (from2.4.7ofChap2, except 2.9.3, 2.11 & 2.12 of Text).

Input/ Output Organization: Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts -Interrupt Hardware, Enabling and Disabling Interrupts, Handling Multiple Devices, Controlling Device Requests, Direct Memory Access (upto4.2.4and4.4except4.4.1ofChap4ofText).

Memory System: Basic Concepts, Semiconductor RAM Memories-Internal organization of memory chips, Static memories, Asynchronous DRAMS, Read Only Memories, Cash Memories, Virtual Memories, Secondary Storage- Magnetic Hard Disks (5.1,5.2,5.2.1,5.2.2,5.2.3,5.3,5.5(except 5.5.1 to 5.5.4), 5.7 (except5.7.1), 5.9, 5.9.1 of Chap 5 of Text).

Basic Processing Unit: Some Fundamental Concepts, Execution of a Complete Instruction, Multiple Bus Organization, Hardwired Control, Microprogrammed Control (up to 7.5 except 7.5.1 to7.5.6 of Chap 7 of Text).

Very important questions serve as a crucial element in exam preparation, allowing students to focus on the most relevant content and effectively gauge their understanding. By practicing these questions, students can build confidence, enhance their knowledge, and approach their exams with a well-rounded perspective. Ultimately, mastering these key questions can make a significant difference in academic performance.

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